In the heart of Cambodia, a groundbreaking initiative is unfolding that could redefine how we preserve and understand our shared cultural heritage. Researchers, led by I. Shimoda from the Heritage Studies Program at the University of Tsukuba in Japan, are harnessing the power of digital twins to safeguard the Banteay Chhmar archaeological complex. This ambitious project, detailed in a recent study published in *The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences* (translated as *The International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences*), is not just about conservation—it’s about revolutionizing how we interact with history.
Banteay Chhmar, a sprawling and largely unrestored Khmer heritage site, is on the cusp of potentially becoming a UNESCO World Heritage site. To prepare for this prestigious nomination and to support ongoing conservation efforts, Shimoda and his team have embarked on creating a digital twin of the site. This digital twin is more than just a replica; it’s a dynamic tool that integrates precise 3D documentation, monitoring capabilities, and public dissemination.
The field surveys conducted in March 2025 employed a hybrid approach, combining fixed terrestrial laser scanning, mobile SLAM LiDAR, and UAV-based photogrammetry. Each method was carefully optimized to meet the site’s specific needs for accuracy, efficiency, and accessibility. “The goal was to create a comprehensive digital representation that could support a wide range of applications, from structural behavior monitoring to restoration planning and educational outreach,” Shimoda explained.
The data collected were processed into high-resolution geometric models, which are now being made accessible to the public through the web-based 3D Digital Database (3DDB). This platform supports international standards such as 3D Tiles and COPC, allowing for accurate geospatial positioning and interactive visualization through web browsers and external tools. “By making these datasets available on the 3DDB, we aim to foster collaboration among researchers, conservators, and the public,” Shimoda added.
The potential of this digital twin extends beyond heritage preservation. It offers a scalable, interoperable model for managing complex archaeological landscapes, which could have significant implications for other sectors, including energy. For instance, the detailed 3D models and monitoring capabilities could be adapted to assess the structural integrity of energy infrastructure, such as pipelines and power plants, in challenging environments. This could lead to more efficient maintenance and reduced downtime, ultimately lowering costs and improving safety.
Moreover, the digital twin approach could enhance public engagement and education. By providing interactive access to detailed 3D models, the public can gain a deeper understanding of historical sites, fostering a sense of stewardship and appreciation for cultural heritage. This could also translate to increased support for conservation efforts and funding for heritage sites.
The study highlights the technical challenges faced during the project, such as ensuring data accuracy and managing large datasets. However, the results demonstrate the feasibility and potential of digital twins in heritage preservation. As Shimoda noted, “This project is just the beginning. The digital twin model can be adapted and scaled to other sites, offering a powerful tool for conservation and research.”
In conclusion, the digital twin initiative for Banteay Chhmar represents a significant leap forward in heritage preservation. By integrating advanced technologies and fostering multi-stakeholder collaboration, this project sets a new standard for managing and conserving our cultural heritage. The implications for other sectors, including energy, are profound, offering new ways to enhance efficiency, safety, and public engagement. As we look to the future, the digital twin model could become a cornerstone in our efforts to preserve and understand the world’s cultural treasures.