In a bold move that could reshape the global mining landscape, a state-owned Chinese company is gearing up to conduct what is believed to be the world’s first large-scale mining experiment in international waters, specifically targeting manganese nodules off Minami-Torishima Island. This experiment, spearheaded by Beijing Pioneer Hi-Tech Development Corp., marks a significant leap into the depths of the Pacific Ocean, where mining will take place at over 5,000 meters. The implications of this endeavor extend far beyond the seabed; they could potentially tilt the balance of power in the rare metals market.
The International Seabed Authority (ISA), which governs mineral resource activities in international waters, currently lacks specific commercial rules for seabed mining. Yet, it allows countries and companies with advanced technology to explore designated areas, paving the way for future development. As China embarks on this experimental venture, it stands at the precipice of dominating the international supply chain of rare metals, crucial for technologies ranging from electric vehicle batteries to high-tech electronics.
The proposed mining operation will unfold over 20 days, with plans to vacuum manganese nodules from a vast seabed area of 250,000 square meters, collecting up to 7,500 tons without bringing them to the surface. This level of sophistication in underwater mining technology is unprecedented, and if successful, it could set a new standard for deep-sea resource extraction. Moreover, the experiment includes an ecological assessment, highlighting the dual focus on resource acquisition and environmental stewardship—a balancing act that will be closely scrutinized by the global community.
While China is making strides, Japan finds itself trailing in the race for seabed resources. Despite having its own exclusive economic zone (EEZ) rich in potential, Japan’s plans for seabed mining remain modest and are years away from fruition. The Japanese government aims to kickstart commercial development of rare earths by 2028, but ongoing experimental projects led by the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology are still in their infancy. As Prof. Yasuhiro Kato of the University of Tokyo pointed out, “If China succeeds in the upcoming large-scale experiments, its mining technology will advance to the world’s top level.” This stark warning underscores the urgency for Japan to accelerate its efforts to harness its own underwater resources.
The ISA’s upcoming general meeting next summer could be a game-changer. If new international rules on seabed mineral extraction and commercial trading are established, Chinese companies, equipped with advanced mining technologies, could flood the market, cementing their dominance. The scramble for rare metals is intensifying globally, and countries are acutely aware that whoever leads the charge in seabed mining will hold the keys to future technological advancements.
As the dust settles on this groundbreaking initiative, the mining sector stands at a crossroads. The outcome of China’s experimental mining could not only redefine the technological landscape but also spark a competitive race among nations to stake their claims in the depths of the ocean. The stakes have never been higher, and the world will be watching closely as this narrative unfolds.
